北斗卫星导航系统 | 谭可嘉 (南宁,7年级)

导语：

北斗卫星导航系统（Beidou Navigation Satellite System，简称：BDS，又称为：COMPASS，中文音译名称：BeiDou）是中国自行研制的全球卫星导航系统，也是继GPS、GLONASS之后的第三个成熟的卫星导航系统。北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）和美国GPS、俄罗斯GLONASS、欧盟GALILEO，是联合国卫星导航委员会已认定的供应商。

北斗卫星导航系统由空间段、地面段和用户段三部分组成，可在全球范围内全天候、全天时为各类用户提供高精度、高可靠定位、导航、授时服务，并且具备短报文通信能力。经过多年发展，北斗系统已成为面向全球用户提供全天候、全天时、高精度定位、导航与授时服务的重要新型基础设施。北斗系统定位导航授时服务，通过30颗卫星，免费向全球用户提供服务，全球范围水平定位精度优于9米、垂直定位精度优于10米，测速精度优于0.2米/秒、授时精度优于20纳秒。

全球范围内已经有137个国家与北斗卫星导航系统签下了合作协议。随着全球组网的成功，北斗卫星导航系统未来的国际应用空间将会不断扩展。

2023年12月26日11时26分，中国在西昌卫星发射中心用长征三号乙运载火箭与远征一号上面级，发射第57颗、58颗北斗导航卫星。该组卫星属中圆地球轨道卫星，是中国北斗三号全球卫星导航系统建成开通后发射的首组MEO卫星，入轨并完成在轨测试后，将接入北斗卫星导航系统 。

2024年9月19日，中国在西昌卫星发射中心发射第五十九颗、第六十颗北斗导航卫星。

北斗卫星导航系统

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

National Strategic Significance 国家战略意义

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has been independently constructedand operated by China with an eye on the needs of the country's national security and economic and social development. 

北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）由中国独立建设和运营，着眼于国家安全和经济社会发展的需要。

As a temporal-spatial infrastructureof national strategic significance, the BDS provides all-time, all-weather and high-accuracy positioning, navigationand timing services to global users.

作为具有国家战略意义的时空基础设施，BDS为全球用户提供全时、全天候和高精度的定位、导航和计时服务。

Application Fields应用领域

Since provision of services, BDS has been widely used in transportation,agriculture, forestry, fisheries, hydrological monitoring, meteorologicalforecasting, communication, power dispatching, disaster relief, public security and other fields, and has been serving national significant infrastructures, thereby resulting in remarkable economic and social benefits. 

自提供服务以来，BDS已广泛应用于交通、农业、林业、渔业、水文监测、气象预报、通信、电力调度、救灾、公安等领域，服务于国家重大基础设施，取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。

The BDS-based navigation services have been widely adopted by e-commerce enterprises, manufacturers of intelligent mobile terminals and location-based services providers, which have extensively entered into the fields of mass consumption, share economies, and those related to people's livelihood.

基于 BDS的导航服务已被电子商务企业、智能移动终端制造商和定位服务提供商广泛采用，广泛进入大众消费、共享经济和民生领域。

The Main Architecture 主要结构

BDS is mainly comprised of three segments: a space segment, a groundsegment and a user segment. The BDS space segment consists of a number of satellites located in the Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), Inclined GeoSynchronous Orbit (IGSO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO). 

BDS主要由三部分组成：空间部分、地面部分和用户部分。BDS空间段由若干位于地球静止轨道（GEO)、倾斜地球同步轨道（IGSO）和中地球轨道（MEO）的卫星组成。

The BDS ground segment consists of various ground stations, including master control stations,time synchronization/uplink stations, monitoring stations, as well as operation and management facilities of the inter-satellite link. 

BDS地面段由各种地面站组成，包括主控制站、时间同步/上行链路站、监测站以及卫星间链路的运行和管理设施。

The BDS user segment consists of various kinds of BDS basic products, systems, and services as well as those compatible with other navigation systems, including basic products such as chips, modules and antennae, terminals, application systems and application services.

BDS用户群包括各种BDS基本产品、系统和服务以及与其他导航系统兼容的产品、系统和服务，包括芯片、模块和天线、终端、应用系统和应用服务等基本产品。

The Future of BDS 北斗导航卫星系统的未来

On July 31, 2020, BDS-3 was officially opened. 137 countries around the world have signed cooperation agreements with BDS. With the success of global networking, the future international application space of BDS will continue to expand. By 2035, a more universal, integrated, intelligent and comprehensivenational positioning, navigation and timing system will be established.

2020年7月31日，北斗三号全球卫星导航系统正式开通。全球137个国家与北斗卫星导航系统签署了合作协议。随着全球联网的成功，北斗卫星导航系统未来的国际应用空间将继续扩大。到2035年，将建立一个更普遍、更集成、更智能、更全面的国家定位、导航和定时系统。