清明节(中国传统节日)| 李俊希(南宁,9年级)

英语朗读  纠音   

李俊希

9年级

#有个英语班

有霉老师指导

导语：

清明节源于周代春祭礼俗与寒食节，距今逾2500年。寒食节为纪念介子推禁火冷食，唐代逐渐与清明节气（春分后十五日）融合，宋元时期形成扫墓、踏青等习俗体系。

作为中华民族最重要的祭祀节日之一，现代清明节既延续了祭祖扫墓、缅怀先人的传统，又衍生出植树踏青、放风筝等春日活动。

其核心意义在于连接家族血脉记忆与自然生命循环，在追思先人中感悟生死，在万物复苏里体察生机。近年来倡导鲜花祭祀、网络追思等新风尚，传统孝道文化与生态文明理念得到创新性传承。

清明节（Qingming，Tomb Sweeping Day），又称踏青节、行清节、三月节、祭祖节等，节期通常在公历 4 月 5 日前后。清明节源自上古时代的祖先信仰与春祭礼俗，兼具自然与人文两大内涵，既是自然节气点，也是传统节日。扫墓祭祖与踏青郊游是清明节的两大礼俗主题，这两大传统礼俗主题在中国代代传承，至今不辍。

清明节是中华民族古老的节日，既是一个扫墓祭祖的肃穆节日，也是人们亲近自然、踏青游玩、享受春天乐趣的欢乐节日。清明时节，生机勃勃、阴气衰退，万物“吐故纳新”，春和景明，正是郊外踏青春游和行清祭祖的时节。

清明节是传统的重大春祭节日，扫墓祭祀、缅怀祖先，是中华民族的优良传统，不仅有利于弘扬孝道亲情、唤醒家族共同记忆，还可促进家族成员乃至民族的凝聚力和认同感。清明祭祖节期较长，有 10 日前 8 日后及 10 日前 10 日后两种说法，这近 20 天均属清明祭祖节期。清明节融汇自然节气与人文风俗为一体，天时地利人和，充分体现了中华民族追求“天、地、人”和谐，讲究顺应天时地宜、遵循自然规律的思想。

      清明节与春节、端午节、中秋节并称为中国四大传统节日。越南、韩国、马来西亚、新加坡等国家和地区也过清明节。2006 年 5 月 20 日，中华人民共和国文化部申报的清明节经国务院批准列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

清明节基本常识

        节日时间：公历 4 月 5 日前后 

 节日起源: 原始信仰、干支历法、祭祀文化等节日活动：扫墓祭祖、踏青郊游

节日饮食：青团、鲜果茶点等

   节日意义：礼敬祖先，亲近自然

         前后节气：春分——清明——谷雨(每年 24 个节气，相邻节气之间一般 15 天左右)

祭拜流程：清杂草、摆贡品、拜祭、鸣放鞭炮（注意安全并遵守国家相关规定）

The Qingming Festival

清明节

As one of the four great traditional Chinese festivals, the Qingming Festival(also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day or Pure Brightness Festival) is the most important traditional Chinese festival to sweep tombs and pay respect to the deceased ancestors.

清明节是中国传统中最重要的祭祖和扫墓的日子，是中国四大传统节日之一。

The Qingming Festival can be traced back to over 2,500 years ago.Legend has it that the festival originated from the Cold Food or Hanshi Festival, which commemorates Jie Zitui, a loyal official of the state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period. 

清明节已经有两千五百多年的历史。相传这个节日起源于寒食节，为了纪念春秋时期一个忠于晋国的官员介子推。

Jie followed his master Prince Chong'er, who was forced to exile because of persecution. In extreme hardship, Jie once cut flesh from his thigh and cooked it as his master's food. 

Later on, Chong'er returned to his native country and became king of the state of Jin. As soon as he ascended throne, he rewarded his followers in his time of need but forgot Jie. 

当时晋国公子重耳被迫逃亡在外，生活艰苦，跟随他的介子推不惜从自己的腿上割下一块肉让他充饥。

后来，重耳回到晋国，做了国君（春秋五霸之一晋文公)，即位后封赏当初伴随他流亡的功臣，唯独忘了介子推。

Many people complained about the injustice and advised Jie to seek reward from the king. Jie despised these acts and retreated to Mianshan Mountain with his mother. 

The king felt great regret upon knowing the fact.After his vainly painstaking efforts of trying to retrieve Jie, the king followed the advice of setting fire to the mountain with the purpose of forcing them out.However, Jie and his mother refused to go out and were finally burnt to death.

很多人为介子推鸣不平，劝他面君讨赏，然而介子推鄙视争功讨赏的行为，他带了母亲隐居绵山。

晋文公听说后，羞愧莫及，他遍寻介子推母子不得，无奈下放火烧山，以便逼出介子推母子。谁知这场大火却将母子烧死。

In honor of Jie Zitui, the king fixed the date of Jie's death as the Cold Food Festival and another day following it as the Qingming Festival. As a result of the affinity of the two festivals, the two festivals gradually merged into one.Eventually, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Qingming Festival replaced Cold Food Festival completely.

为了纪念介子推，晋文公下令将每一年的这一天定为寒食节，并把寒食节的后一天定为清明节。由于清明节和寒食节十分相似，后来两个节日渐渐合二为一，到了南宋时期，清明节完全取代了寒食节。

Sweeping tombs and commemorating the deceased ancestors, among others, are two important customs during the Qingming Festival. On that day,people set out offerings, burn incense and joss paper, tend to the tombs, and kowtow to show respect to their ancestors. 

扫墓祭祖是清明节的重要习俗。清明扫墓时，人们要在亲人墓前供奉祭品，焚香烧钱，为坟墓培添新土，叩头祭拜。

In addition, Qingming is also one of the 24 seasonal division points in Chinese calendar, falling on one day from the fourth to sixth of April every year. Upon the arrival of Qingming, the temperature is on the rise and it is good time to sow plants in spring, which can be reflectedin a Chinese saying: people start to sow beans and plant melons before and after the Qingming Festival. In the meanwhile, Chinese people are fond of going out to enjoy spring sunshine and beautiful scenery.

清明也是中国农历的二十四节气之一，时间为每年的公历4月4日到6日的一天。清明一到，气温升高，正是春耕春种的大好时节，故有“清明前后，种瓜点豆”的俗语。同时，清明也是中国人郊游踏春、享受春光的节日。

QINGMING 清明

清明节源自上古时代的祖先信仰与春祭礼俗，兼具自然与人文两大内涵，既是自然节气点，也是传统节日。